In a research study, what does the term "n" typically refer to?

In research studies, the term "n" commonly refers to the number of participants in the sample. This is a crucial element because the sample size (n) can significantly impact the validity and reliability of the findings. A larger sample size often increases the generalizability of the results, allowing researchers to make more robust conclusions about the population being studied. Conversely, a small sample size may lead to less reliable data and findings that are more difficult to extrapolate to a larger group.

Understanding the sample size helps in interpreting the results of the research, as it can influence statistical power and the ability to detect effects. By knowing the value of "n," readers and other researchers can assess the strength of the study's conclusions and consider how representative the sample might be of the broader population.